Short answer
The Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program, which tracks merchants' fraud and dispute rates together and penalizes those above Visa's thresholds.
VAMP replaced Visa’s earlier separate fraud and dispute monitoring programs in 2025. It measures a combined ratio of fraud reports and disputes to settled transactions, and Visa has tightened the thresholds over time. Merchants above them face fines through their processor and pressure to fix the problem quickly.
Staying well below the thresholds matters even more if you plan to switch processors, because a new processor will look at your history. See chargeback and dispute costs.
Part of our guide to chargeback and dispute costs.
Related terms
- Chargeback: A card payment reversed by the cardholder's bank after the cardholder disputes it, for fraud, a missing product or a billing problem.
- Rolling reserve: A share of each day's card sales that a processor holds back for a set period, as protection against future refunds and chargebacks.